Sexually transmitted diseases are preventable ailments that can cause harmful and costly complications, including reproductive health problems, fetal and perinatal health problems, and cancer.

Black or African American residents have consistently had the highest rate of chlamydia infection in Monroe County, with 231 infections per 10,000 African American residents in 2018. This rate is more than twice what it was in 2001. In the City of Rochester, the rate was higher at 267 per 10,000 residents - over two times the level in 2001. Among other ethnic groups, Hispanic or Latino rates were 104 in the County and 146 in the City, and white rates were 25 in the County and 45 in the City.

Not all sexually transmitted disease cases are reported. Variations in screening procedures and community awareness can have an impact on recorded trends. Data for Hispanics not available before 2004.