Sexually transmitted diseases are preventable ailments that can cause harmful and costly complications, including reproductive health problems, fetal and perinatal health problems, and cancer.

In 2018, gonorrhea rates were highest among Monroe County's black or African American residents, with 100 cases for every 10,000 residents. This was down 41% since 2000 similar to the decline in the City of Rochester of 123 per 10,000. Hispanic residents in 2018 were 28 in Monroe County and 42 in the City of Rochester. White residents in Monroe County have consistently had the lowest rate for gonorrhea, at 7 in 2018, a increase of 66% from 2000. The City of Rochester (18 cases per 10,000 residents) has had an increase (21%) in that same time period for white residents.

Not all sexually transmitted disease cases are reported. Variations in screening procedures and community awareness can have an impact on recorded trends. Data for Hispanics not available before 2004.